Traveller’s diarrhoea is a common health issue that affects individuals visiting foreign countries, particularly those in developing regions where sanitation and water quality may differ from what they are accustomed to. It is typically caused by ingesting contaminated food or water containing bacteria such as Escherichia coli (E. coli), Salmonella, Shigella, or Campylobacter, although viruses and parasites may also be responsible. While usually mild and self-limiting, traveller’s diarrhoea can be disruptive and unpleasant, especially during trips with busy itineraries. It most often occurs within the first week of travel and affects people of all ages, although children, the elderly, and those with weakened immune systems may be more vulnerable to complications.

Symptoms of traveller’s diarrhoea usually begin abruptly and include frequent loose or watery stools, often accompanied by abdominal cramps, bloating, nausea, and an urgent need to use the toilet. In some cases, individuals may also experience vomiting, fever, or mild dehydration. The condition is typically mild and lasts for three to five days, although symptoms can persist longer depending on the cause and the person’s overall health. Severe diarrhoea or signs of significant dehydration—such as dry mouth, dizziness, or reduced urination—require prompt medical attention, particularly in young children or older adults who are more susceptible to fluid loss.

Treatment for traveller’s diarrhoea primarily focuses on staying hydrated and allowing the body to recover. Oral rehydration salts (ORS) are recommended to replace lost fluids and electrolytes, especially for children, the elderly, or anyone experiencing frequent diarrhoea or vomiting. For adults and children over 12, anti-diarrhoeal medications like loperamide (Imodium) can be used to temporarily reduce the frequency of bowel movements, though these should not be used if there is a high fever or blood in the stool, as they may worsen certain infections. In moderate to severe cases, a short course of antibiotics may be prescribed, particularly if the diarrhoea is caused by bacteria and the person is travelling to a high-risk area. Children under 12 should not be given loperamide, and any treatment for younger children should be guided by a healthcare professional. Prevention through careful food and water choices is key—drink bottled or purified water and avoid raw or undercooked foods when travelling.

Most treatments for traveller’s diarrhoea are safe when used appropriately, but some may cause side effects. Oral rehydration salts are generally well tolerated, though some individuals may find the taste unpleasant. Loperamide can lead to constipation, bloating, or abdominal discomfort if overused, and it is unsuitable for children under 12 or anyone with suspected bacterial dysentery. Antibiotics, while effective in specific cases, may cause side effects such as nausea, allergic reactions, or yeast infections. They can also disrupt the gut microbiome, leading to further digestive issues. Importantly, unnecessary or inappropriate use of antibiotics can contribute to antibiotic resistance. For these reasons, it’s essential to seek medical advice before using medication, particularly for children or those with existing health conditions.